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What Connects Negative Affect to Impulsivity?: Examining Pathways to Rash Action

Negative Affect is a construct reflecting the tendency to experience emotions that are not only unpleasant but also upsetting. Negative Urgency, a facet of impulsive behavior reflecting emotionally driven rash action, is often seen in response to these negative emotions. However, in regards to what causes negative emotions to lead to rash action, relations between Negative Affect and Negative Urgency have yet to be fully understood. Past research has examined constructs reflecting maladaptive responses to negative emotions (anxiety sensitivity [AS], distress intolerance [DI], and emotional regulation [ER] difficulties) as potential mediators of the relationship, although, it is unclear which of those constructs is most important to this association. Thus, in this study, we examined which of the three constructs is the strongest mediator of the association between negative affect and negative urgency. Using a sample of 501 college students (109 males, 352 females; ages 18-34, mean=19.43, SD = 4.23), we ran a triple mediation model with AS, DI, and ER mediating the association between negative affect and urgency We observed a significant direct effect between negative affect and negative urgency and found that, when examining the strength of the mediators conjointly, only AS mediated this relationship. In all, our results suggest that AS may be the mechanism through negative affect leads to impulsive behavior. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Gender diverse college students exhibit higher psychological distress than male and female peers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

02/04/2021

The ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be the greatest global biopsychosocial stressor in living memory, and there is widespread anticipation of a 'mental health pandemic.' Hardly mentioned, if ever, during the current COVID-19 pandemic is the effect on gender diverse (GD) populations. Using a novel approach, we address this gap in the current literature by comparing resilience, psychological distress, and perceived risk in a sample of college students at a public, R1, 4-year university. The survey included demographic questions, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and self-reported risk of contracting COVID-19. GD individuals (n = 83) were matched with male (n = 83) and female (n = 83) peers on survey cohort (1, 2, or 3), White versus Non-White, age category, and student status (undergraduate vs. graduate). GD individuals reported lower psychological resilience (M = 2.88, SD = 0.93) than both male (M = 3.57, SD = 0.81) and female (M = 3.37, SD = 0.83) students, higher psychological distress (M = 12.33, SD = 6.04) than both males (M = 6.7, SD = 5.76) and females (M = 8.70, SD = 6.57), and similar perceived risk (p = .54). Nearly half (48.2%) of GD individuals were above the cutoff for severe psychological distress. During the unprecedented events of the novel coronavirus pandemic, students in higher education settings are facing tremendous biopsychosocial stress. GD students had very high levels of psychological distress relative to their male and female peers during the pandemic and may need additional support and expanded access to treatment.
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