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Factors Related to the Self-Esteem of Adolescents in Foster Care
Introduction: There are over 400,000 children in foster care on any given day in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Youth with experiences in foster care often have worse health and social outcomes compared to the general population, related to the increased adversity they face (Gypen et al. 2019). The adversity and stigmatization related to foster care can negatively impact the self-esteem and identity of youth, which, according to Erikson, is a vital development that occurs within adolescence. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the factors related to the self-esteem of adolescents in foster care. Methods: A literature review of 4 psychology and nursing databases, including CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, resulted in 16 articles related to self-esteem, identity development, and resilience among youth in foster care. Results: Many interventions were found to build self-esteem, the most effective based on adult mentorship and peer relationships (Yancey et al. 1998, Farineau et al. 2013). Self-esteem and sense of identity were found to be significant factors in the resilience, mental health, physical health, and behavioral problems of foster care youth (Yoon et al. 2019, Ferguson et al. 2018, Zabern and Bouteyre 2018). Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that a focus on self-esteem can positively impact the outcomes of those in foster care. In nursing practice and social work, using interventions to aid identity development can guide adolescents in foster care in overcoming the effects of childhood adversity.
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The Effects of a Foster Parent Training Program on Managing Foster Youth’s Behavior
Introduction: There are 400,000 children served in the United States foster care system annually (DHHS, 2019). Foster parents are often not trained to handle the complex physical, mental and emotional needs of foster care youth, who often externalize their behavior. Foster parents report difficulty in managing these behaviors at home. The purpose of this review was to examine the outcomes of a foster parent training program on foster care youth behaviors. Methods: A literature review of CINAHL and Google Scholar yielded seven articles about the efficacy of foster parent training programs on foster care youth. Results: One program, Keeping Foster and Kin Parents Supported and Trained (KEEP) (KEEP Supporting Foster and Kinship Families 2019), was particularly effective in helping foster parents manage their foster children. Foster parents trained using the KEEP program used positive reinforcement instead of punishment when addressing behavioral problems. The number of behavior problems was measured at baseline in both groups and after the intervention group had gone through KEEP training. The average number of behavioral problems decreased more in children whose foster parent participated in KEEP training than in those whose did not. Conclusion/Future Research: The KEEP program demonstrates positive results in helping foster families manage problem behaviors. Foster families attending KEEP training experienced improved behaviors from their foster youth. Future research should focus on generalizing this information to a wider audience of foster care families, and potentially, to help manage foster care youth behavior in school settings.
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College-aged Women and Contraception: Exploring Barriers to Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARCs), such as the hormonal or copper intrauterine device (IUD) and the hormonal arm implant, are regarded as one of the most effective types of contraception. LARC usage has increased since 2002 for women of all ages, but there are still many barriers to LARCs for college-aged women, including lack of insurance coverage and out-of-pocket cost, potential provider bias against socioeconomically disadvantaged women and women of color, word-of-mouth accounts that breed fear-mongering rumors about LARC insertion, and few patient education resources that explain the insertion process and the benefits to LARC usage. The Affordable Care Act’s women’s health policy increased LARC coverage in the 2010s, but there is still an economic disparity between women leading to fewer economically disadvantaged women obtaining LARCs and more becoming pregnant unintentionally. Historically, some healthcare providers have targeted economically disadvantaged women and women of color in sterilization procedures, leading women to fear and distrust their healthcare providers when proposed with new contraceptives. Because many women hear about LARCs through negative stories shared by other women, rather than reliable resources, misinformation, fear, and confusion about LARCs and their insertion process spreads. Providers need to understand the historical significance of medical treatment for socioeconomically disadvantaged women and women of color, as well understand that out-of-pocket costs and transportation to the provider are economic disparities that prevent women from obtaining a LARC, and that there need to be more reliable resources to educate patients and encourage the use of LARCs in young women.
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Factors related to Unintended ED visits among children with Asthma
Introduction : Childhood asthma is a very common problem in the United States. About 1 in 12 children have asthma and in 2015 there were 3,615 asthma-related deaths in children in the U.S (AAAI, 2020). Asthma affects all children differently and they all have different triggers; however, with appropriate education and adherence to the medical regime, asthma symptoms can be managed and deaths can be prevented (Davis, Kreashko, Allison 2019). An extensive problem for children with asthma is unintended emergency department (ED) visits for asthma management. Unintended visits are costly and present a burden on the healthcare system and families. Methods: A literature review of CINAHL and Google Scholar was conducted to examine the factors related to unintended ED visits among children with asthma for the management of asthma-related symptoms. Nine articles were examined related to factors associated with ED management of children with asthma. Results: Literature supports the use of a universal action plan, including parent and patient education, about the proper use of an inhaler and nebulizer, what to do in an asthma attack, and how to control asthma by following the medical regimen (Davis, Kreashko, Allison 2019). Written plans on how to treat asthma attacks and how to deal with symptom exacerbation have been shown to have the best outcomes (Davis, Kreashko, Allison 2019). However, the impetus to implement universal action plans falls upon healthcare systems, providers, and families.
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Airway Management: An Exploration into Tracheostomies
A basic human need is oxygen. Often this need is comprised, necessitating an alternative method for oxygen delivery. This poster will explore reasons why a patient may need a tracheotomy, review trach basics, discuss the future of trachs and identify limitations for a client who has a tracheostomy. A comparison will be presented between various types of trach devices along with a discussion on how these life-saving devices are managed by patients. Providing information about tracheostomies will provide education about this growing procedure as well as promote safety for the care of the trached patient.
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Call to Attention
Acetaminophen has been widely regarded as a safe medication for women to use during pregnancy. New research suggests a correlation between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and an increased risk for neural deficiencies such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This literature review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of ADHD and to gain insight into the correlation between ADHD and acetaminophen use during pregnancy.
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Peer-Led Education Improving Outcomes for Adolescents with Asthma
Introduction. Asthma is the most prevalent chronic condition in the pediatric population. There is a risk for poor health outcomes following an exacerbation of asthma or an asthma attack. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore peer-led asthma educational programs usage in the public schools. For adolescent with asthma, does a peer-led asthma education program compared to adult-led educational program in the schools improve asthma self-management? Methods. The systematic review was completed to explore peer-led asthma educational program compare to adult-led educational program in the public-schools. PubMed and CINAL were the primary databases. Search terms included adolescents with asthma, peer-led education, adolescents and chronic illness. The inclusion criteria were peer-led asthma education, asthma education, adult-led educational program and ages 13-17. The exclusion criteria were children younger than 13 and greater 17 years. Procedures included screening the abstracts. The articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Findings. Results showed that peer-led asthma educational programs had a positive effect on asthma self-management. The strengths of the articles relate to clinical trial with large sample size. One of the weaknesses were that the study conducted at a camp. Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine a peer-led asthma educational program in a public-school effect on asthma outcomes. Research is needed to test the degree of the effect as well as reduction of emergency room visit. With further research a peer-led program may have an impact with other chronic illnesses.
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