Gay men are at increased risk for a host of maladaptive psychological and physiological health outcomes. While connectedness with one’s community typically buffers these effects, it paradoxically increases the risk of negative weight-related outcomes, such as body dissatisfaction. Among gay men, having a higher body weight is often devalued (i.e., weight stigma), leading to social exclusion based on body weight. Thus, it is important to better understand how gay men are impacted by weight stigma coming from within their community. Study 1 (n = 207) explores weight-related vigilance (being on the lookout for future stigma) among gay men when in community spaces using a qualitative approach. Then, Study 2 (n = 353) investigates related psychological and physical health behaviors and outcomes. In Study 1, 49% of gay men reported feeling vigilant when in community spaces. Many cited avoiding community altogether, feeling self-conscious, or feeling nervous only in specific contexts (e.g., at bars, on dating apps). Study 2 found that weight stigma from other gay men was associated with increased vigilance when in community spaces but was not related to community connectedness. In turn, vigilance in community spaces was related to increased maladaptive eating, increased attempts to gain muscle, increased substance use, and worse sleep. Gay men experience the threat of weight stigma when in their communities, which may ultimately harm their health. This article highlights the need to better understand intragroup processes related to weight stigma, especially among those who are at the highest risk for negative outcomes.

Child irritability (CI) is a transdiagnostic symptom of multiple psychopathologies, is prospectively associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, and may influence or be influenced by family functioning. The current study assessed bidirectional relations between CI and family conflict (FC) among youth (N = 10,608, M_age = 9.48 years, 47% female, 49.5% White) and one parent (85.3% mothers) across five years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. In latent growth curve models with structured residuals, both boys and girls demonstrated curvilinear changes in FC and CI over time, with increasing and subsequently decreasing CI and the reverse trajectory for FC. Significant bidirectional, prospective associations between FC and CI, however, were only present for girls. Early CI was associated with FC one year later, while girls’ reports of FC were associated with later CI across all timepoints. Findings highlight biological sex as a critical factor influencing associations between family functioning and children’s symptoms.

We examined accuracy and bias in perceptions of one’s instrumentality to and obstruction of daily partner goal pursuit, and associations of mean-level bias with daily relationship outcomes. Daily reports (N = 2,377) from cohabiting couples (N = 106 couples), using multilevel path models, indicated that perceptions of own instrumentality to and obstruction of partner goals contain tracking accuracy and projection and partners were similar in instrumentality and obstruction. Perceptions of goal instrumentality showed mean-level accuracy, but people underestimated their obstruction of partner goals. Underestimation of obstruction was associated with lower closeness for both perceiver and partner and lower relationship satisfaction for the partner. Overestimation of instrumentality was associated with lower relationship satisfaction for both perceiver and partner and lower closeness for the partner. Our results indicate that maintaining overly positive self-perceptions may be costly for the relationship.

Introduction: High-cadence dynamic cycling has been associated with significant benefits on motor function in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite clear improvements in motor symptoms in this population, the neurophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging tool that measures cortical activation by estimating hemoglobin content at the surface level of the brain.

Methods: 18 participants (N = 11 with PD) completed the present study in which changes in prefrontal cortical activity were investigated following high- and low-cadence dynamic cycling on the SMART bike, a motorized therapeutic stationary bicycle. fNIRS measures were acquired during finger tapping and cognitive assessment before and after dynamic cycling. Three-way mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time were conducted to determine differences in oxyhemoglobin concentrations within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) following dynamic cycling.

Results: No significant differences were found in oxyhemoglobin responses. However, this is the first study in which researchers compared changes in fNIRS responses in people with PD (PwPD) and healthy age-matched controls following dynamic cycling on the SMART bike.

Discussion: More work is warranted in larger sample sizes in order to continue the effort toward optimal exercise prescription for individuals with PD.

In physical activity, all-or-nothing thinking (AONT) may occur when an individual is not willing or cannot adhere perfectly to their exercise intentions or plan and chooses to not exercise at all, rather than modify the plan. This scoping review sought to map the existence and description of published literature on AONT in the context of voluntary leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adults. Studies needed to appear in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focus specifically on LTPA among adults, and include search terms related to both AONT and physical activity. Searches conducted in August 2024 included Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and Scopus.com. From 4,233 papers evaluated, 9 studies (5 quantitative, 4 qualitative) met criteria for data extraction. Established scales and open-ended responses from qualitative studies suggest that AONT is a phenomenon and may influence exercise decisions, but the current literature is limited. Future research should develop validated AONT measures, examine its prevalence, and explore its role in predicting physical activity across diverse populations, particularly in the current era of more inclusive (i.e. less rigid) physical activity guidelines.

Cable-driven serial robots, with their lightweight structure and flexibility, show great potential for development in fields such as healthcare, aerospace engineering, and architectural engineering. However, compared to traditional serial robots, cable-driven serial robots have motion coupling issues, where the movement of one joint affects another due to the interconnected cables, making precise control difficult. Moreover, their force and torque distributions have special characteristics due to the presence of cables, which will have a significant impact on their dynamic modeling. Current research mainly focuses on decoupling mechanisms and analysis of cable-driven parallel robots. This paper presents the design, analysis, and control of a 2-degree of freedom (DOF) cable-driven serial robot based on the non-circular pulley. Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention and the Newton-Euler method were used to analyze kinematics and special dynamics. A model-based control strategy is developed based on the above analyses. And validation is conducted by comparing the proposed dynamic control method with dynamic controller of a traditional serial robot and a PID position controller. The results show the proposed model-based method can achieve the smallest position errors in the comparison, demonstrating the correctness of kinematics and dynamics, and effectiveness of the controller.