The conversion of Adenosine (A) to Inosine (I), by Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA or ADARs, is an essential post-transcriptional modification that contributes to proteome diversity and regulation in metazoans including humans. In addition to its transcriptome-regulating role, ADARs also play a major part in immune response to viral infection, where an interferon response activates interferon-stimulated genes, such as ADARp150, in turn dynamically regulating host-virus interactions. A previous report has shown that infection from reoviruses, despite strong activation of ADARp150, does not influence the editing of some of the major known editing targets, while likely editing others, suggesting a potentially nuanced editing pattern that may depend on different factors. However, the results were based on a handful of selected editing sites and did not cover the entire transcriptome. Thus, to determine whether and how reovirus infection specifically affects host ADAR editing patterns, we analyzed a publicly available deep-sequenced RNA-seq dataset, from murine fibroblasts infected with wild-type and mutant reovirus strains that allowed us to examine changes in editing patterns on a transcriptome-wide scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first transcriptome-wide report on host editing changes after reovirus infection. Our results demonstrate that reovirus infection induces unique nuanced editing changes in the host, including introducing sites uniquely edited in infected samples. Genes with edited sites are overrepresented in pathways related to immune regulation, cellular signaling, metabolism, and growth. Moreover, a shift in editing targets has also been observed, where the same genes are edited in infection and control conditions but at different sites, or where the editing rate is increased for some and decreased for other differential targets, supporting the hypothesis of dynamic and condition-specific editing by ADARs.

Objective: To describe and analyze how Extension nutrition educators in one state system transitioned from primarily face-to-face to virtual nutrition education programming.

Design: This exploratory case study gathered data through nutrition educator interviews, virtual program delivery guides, and nutrition educators’ program impact statements.

Setting: Southeastern State Extension system in late 2022.

Participants: The sample included 15 participant interviews, multiple virtual program delivery guides, and 43 program impact summaries.

Phenomenon of Interest: The use of Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a framework to explore educators’ learning process with virtual program delivery and how this learning influenced community nutrition program delivery choices.

Analysis: Qualitative data was analyzed with ATLAS.ti using a priori coding.

Results: Two key findings emerged from the data: educators were more likely to deliver programs in a virtual setting when the programs aligned with their values and skills, and educators preferred flexible program curricula and delivery guides because it allowed them to address their community’s specific needs.

Conclusions and Implications: Educators plan to continue to deliver certain community nutrition programs virtually. Future research is needed to explore additional perspectives on virtual delivery, such as program participants and state program managers.

Ecological grief is a psychological response to environmental loss. Ecological grief is especially pronounced in people with close relationships with the environment. The Fernald Community Cohort (FCC) included people who lived near a uranium processing site, also known as the Feed Material Production Center (FMPC), in Fernald, Ohio. The FMPC leaked contaminants such as uranium into the environment, consequently threatening the health, safety, and long-term emotional well-being of people who lived nearby. This study aimed to examine the degree of ecological grief reported by the FCC participants and to discern their degree of ecological grief by residential proximity (how close they lived) to the FMPC, estimated uranium exposure, and cancer diagnosis. Participants were invited to complete a questionnaire to assess their degree of ecological grief. Other variables were collected from the existing FCC database. Ecological grief was prevalent among 55.3% of respondents. A direct relationship between ecological grief, residential proximity, and cancer diagnosis was found, with an indirect relationship between ecological grief and uranium exposure. The strongest predictor of ecological grief was a cancer diagnosis. The findings warrant future studies to mitigate the psychological impact of environmental loss on FCC participants.