Green architecture has been a revolution tracing back to an architectural ideal based on functionality, aesthetic, resiliency, and sustainability. It does not halt at planting trees, yet developing and utilizing environment-friendly materials in design and construction. Bamboo, a novel but familiar material throughout human history of civilization, has high strength and efficiency in structure. In many countries, it has played as a cultural symbol in art and architecture. Bamboo has not been widely utilized in industrial standardization because of its limitations due to its natural characteristics. However, its limitations could be harmonically addressed in different applications in industrial and architectural means. Industrially, with advanced technologies, bamboo can be fabricated through multiple processes into different sustainable products substituting for main construction materials, e.g. timber and steel, because bamboo grows much faster than timber, and produces less carbon than steel. Architecturally, bamboo’s elegant shape is not neglected and highly praised as a modern cultural identity: bamboo is bamboo, in its own traditions. This study, through reviewing multiple scholar articles as well as successful bamboo architectural projects on bamboo historic usages and characteristics, and methods to breakthrough bamboo limitations, aims to show connection and development of the cultural material in meanings of sustainability and original structure performance.