PROBLEM: To date, no studies have evaluated sex-specific differences in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) on vascular function. Therefore, we sought to determine the sex-specific responses of pulse wave reflection and aortic arterial stiffness after an acute bout of RE. METHODS: Aortic hemodynamics, pulse wave reflection, and aortic arterial stiffness were assessed at rest and 10 minutes after 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in resistance-trained men (n=14) and women (n=12). A mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of sex (men, women) across condition (acute resistance exercise, control) and time (rest, recovery). RESULTS: The sexes had similar values at rest and after the acute RE. There was no effect of the RE on brachial or aortic blood pressures. There were significant condition x time interactions for the augmentation index (AIx: rest: 12.1±7.9%; recovery:19.9±10.5%, p=0.003), AIx at 75bpm (rest: 5.3±7.9%; recovery: 24.5±14.3%, p=0.0001), augmentation pressure (rest: 4.9±2.8mmHg; recovery: 8.3±6.0mmHg, p=0.004), and aortic arterial stiffness (rest: 5.3±0.6ms; recovery: 5.9±0.7ms, p=0.02) with significant increases after the acute RE. There was also a significant condition x time for the time of the reflected wave (rest: 150±7ms; recovery: 147±9ms, p=0.02) and the subendocardial variability ratio (rest: 147±17%; recovery: 83±24%, p=0.0001) such that they were reduced after the acute RE. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that an acute bout of RE increases pulse wave reflection and aortic arterial stiffness similarly between the sexes without significantly altering aortic hemodynamics.