Objective: This study assessed college food insecurity (FI) longitudinally during COVID-19. Participants: Convenient sample (n = 551) college students took an online survey between December 2020–February 2021 [Y1]. Follow-up (December 2021–February 2022) [Y2] from Y1, (n = 131). Methods: FI measured via USDA Short Form Food Security Module. Stress and depression measured via PSS-10 and CES-D. Results: Y1, 31.3% FI. FI had lower mean GPA, were less likely to tell a parent about a food shortage, but more likely to be on financial aid, part-time employed, non-white, first-generation, full-time, and live off-campus compared to food secure [FS] (p ≤ .05* for all). FI had higher mean CES-D [28.45 ± 8.38 vs. 23.50 ± 7.98] and PSS-10 [24.39 ± 3.76 vs. 23.40 ± 3.69] (p < .01*). Y2, FI increased to 39.7%. FI had higher CES-D scores [29.11 ± 10.24 vs. 21.30 ± 6.80] and PSS-10 scores [23.81 ± 3.53 vs. 22.44 ± 3.25] (p ≤ .03*). Conclusions: FI, stress, and depression worsened from Y1 to Y2 due to increased employment, financial aid, and limited familial support.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the sonication modes of single-frequency waves on the change of the microbubble radius and the displacement of the microvessel wall. By comparing the results with the results obtained from the modeling of the data, the safety of which was proven, the sonication duty factors that safely create displacement in the vessel wall in the presence of microbubbles were extracted. Therefore, continuous mode (duty factor 100%) and pulsed modes (duty factors 25%, 50% and 80%) were modeled in the fluid-microbubble-vessel system. The two-dimensional finite element method is used. The blood as fluid in the microvessel is considered a homogeneous, incompressible and single-phase Newtonian fluid. The binding boundary conditions at the boundaries are the continuity laws of velocity and pressure. The laws of conservation of mass and momentum must also be considered. A microbubble (radius 1.5 μm) is considered in a blood microvessel with a radius of 5 μm, which was exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of 1MHz with a pressure amplitude of 0.25MPa. The model was validated by a valid numerical study. The results showed that as the duty factor of ultrasound waves increases, the duration in which the microbubble oscillates increases, but the R_max is the same for all (22% increase compared to the R₀). Also, the time average of microvessel wall displacement (TAD) increases) at 1.31, 1.78, 1.98 and 2.31nm, respectively, for duty factors 25%, 50%, 80% and 100% at point A, the closest point to the microbubble). It is concluded that for this sonication protocol, the duty factors of 50%, 80% and 100% are in the interval of creating permeability safely, and the duty factor of 25% is smaller than this range.

This investigation aimed to assess the relationship between relative rest index (RRI) and team performance across multiple seasons of National Football League (NFL) competition. To examine this relationship, all NFL regular season games from the 1970–71 to 2022–23 NFL seasons (N = 12,290) were analyzed with rest intervals calculated for each team on a game-to-game basis as the number of days between current and previous games. Next, RRI was calculated as the discrepancy in rest intervals between competing teams for all games and averaged for all teams across all seasons with teams categorized by season average RRI (<−0.70; −0.7 to −0.5; −0.5 to −0.25; −0.25 to 0; 0 to 0.25; 0.25 to 0.5; 0.5 to 0.7; >0.70). Win percentage and playoff depth (lost in wild card round; lost in divisional round; lost in conference championship; lost in Super Bowl; won Super Bowl; did not make playoffs) quantified team performance. Pearson product correlations were implemented to assess the relationship between season average RRI and win percentage. One-way analyses of variance assessed differences in win percentage across RRI categories and RRI across playoff depth categories. A trivial negative correlation between RRI and win percentage across all seasons was noted. Moreover, win percentage did not differ across RRI categories, while RRI was attenuated among teams that lost in the Super Bowl and divisional round compared with teams that did not qualify for the playoffs, suggesting that RRI has no significant effect on team performance with competitive eras of NFL competition collated.

Endothelial damage represents an essential pathogenic mechanism of respiratory and multiorgan dysfunction as seen in the post-acute phase of COVID-19. Biological differences between male and female sex, inflammation, and gut integrity may have an integral role in endothelial damage and explain the residual effects of COVID-19 infection in long COVID, yet evidence is limited. Confirmed COVID-19 negative participants were 1:1 propensity-score matched to COVID-19 positive participants. Symptoms occurring at least one-month following COVID-infection and lasting more than three-months was defined as long COVID. Measures of endothelial function included reactive hyperemic index (RHI ≥ 1.67 = normal endothelial function) and augmentation index (higher AIx = worse arterial elasticity). A total of 89 COVID-19 negative participants was matched to 89 COVID-19 positive participants. Among the COVID-19 survivors, the median age was 42.92 years, 46.07% were female sex, and 57 (64%) had long COVID. Higher levels of inflammation (TNF-RI and oxLDL) and gut integrity (zonulin and BDG) was associated (P < 0.05) with a two-fold increase in the odds of long COVID. Female sex, independent of COVID-19 status, was 4x more likely to have worse AIx (P < 0.0001) compared to male sex. Among female sex with long COVID, higher levels of inflammation (IL-6, VCAM, hsCRP) and gut integrity (zonulin) was independently associated (P < 0.05) with higher AIx. Female sex with long COVID symptoms had the worse inflammation, gut integrity, and arterial stiffness among COVID-19 survivors. This reinforces the importance of continued, long-term follow-up care following COVID-19 infection, with special attention needed for female sex who may be at a higher cardiovascular disease risk.